The program was given a special fund of P50 billion. The CARP has an 8. It was not accomplished during the first term of CARP which was 10 years. However, only P billion was given under the law. The fund provided was less than half of what is required. There were numerous issues concerning the implementation of CARP. The biggest of which is the lack of support services for the ARBs to ensure the productivity of the lands that were distributed to the farmers.
Frequently cited is a study in Negros Occidental, which showed that 97 percent of agrarian-reform beneficiaries ARBs have received no government support services, that 41 percent of ARBs have either abandoned or sold the rights to the land awarded to them under the CARP, that Moreover, Negros Occidental has remained a hotbed of insurgent activity. Ownership is just one step in making a decent living out of farmland.
The owner needs agricultural know-how as well as technical and financial resources to plant the right crops at the right time, and use the proper pesticides and fertilizers.
At harvest time he needs access to post-harvest facilities, and then assistance in marketing his crops. Knowledge of crop rotation could maximize the use of small farmland. Without the necessary support, ownership is useless. Another problem is landowner resistance. More proactive follow-up activities to these conferences, such as active lobbying campaigns by some civil society groups, were also conducted targeting concerned government and intergovernmental agencies.
Hence, the strategy of proactive lobbying to secure resource rights has led to more direct results to the grassroots communities involved. At the same time, a number of initiatives and case studies on grassroots experiences in agrarian reform and resource rights need to be documented and shared at the international, regional, national and local levels.
These experiences cover a broad range of efforts in upscaling tenurial security technologies, mainstreaming tripartite approaches, strategic networking for people-led campaigns among others. Thus, discussions are necessary to clearly grasp these new trends affecting land reform and what direction NGOs shall take given current options and trends.
On the Philippines ' experience on state-led land reform , former DAR Undersecretary said that although the land reform program in the Philippines is state-led, it is not led by the state in the sense as the programs in Taiwan, Japan and South Korea.
As such, the program was not pushed primarily by the ruling party nor was it a pro-active program. It was not a deliberate decision on the part of the government following careful scientific study. Instead, it was a compromise.
On the one hand, it was the fruit of the efforts of hundreds of thousands of organized farmers and their allies who had been demanding it for many years. And like other compromise legislation, its implementation is and has been problematic.
It is subject to the push and pull of political forces. For example, during the administration of President , hectares were transferred. On this basis, it would take 23 more years to distribute the rest of the privately held land due to be transferred under the CARP.
Bulatao projected that the implementation of the CARP will be hard-going in the next years. However, he expressed hope that civil society organizations and state reformists within the Department of Agrarian Reform will not give up.
He is not too optimistic of big new breakthroughs but said that if small steps forward can be made, or if past gains can be protected, then it would be well worth the effort.
He summed up by saying that agrarian reform is something that happens at a historical juncture for countries. Historical Background of the Study. In the Philippines, as the country celebrates its years of independence, the century-old struggle of the small farmers for agrarian rights continues. Skewed landownership patterns remain unsolved and continue to plague agriculture. It is estimated that 2. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, In most cases, the farmer-owner relationship is still feudal, and landownership is concentrated among a few who are not so much interested in agricultural sustainability and productivity but in controlling the use of their land and consolidating their political power in the rural areas.
Tenancy rates in the countryside range from 50 to 70 percent. Taken as a whole, marginal farmers, tenants and farm workers total However, distribution of lands to the tillers is below the expected targets and may not be accomplished during the last year of CARP. After a quarter of a century, from to the government distributed a cumulative total of 2. The government's slowness in land transfer activities is due to its lack of political will to implement agrarian reform, manifest in operational and legal bottlenecks and in blockades by big landowners who have seats in Congress and posts in the government bureaucracy.
As a result, massive agricultural land conversions are being carried out under the government's fast-track industrialization program. The legal moves by Congress to stop CARP include: exemptions of big prawn farms, fish ponds and aquaculture areas from CARP coverage; foreign investors' leasing of private lands for up to 75 years; and the proposed year moratorium on CARP implementation in the Mindanao region.
A number of undocumented farmers' testimonies and agrarian cases regarding the plight of the farmers mention harassment and, at times, murder. Those who have been issued land titles were not physically given lands while those who had secured ownership of their farms were not receiving the support and resources that were supposed to enable them to enhance their welfare.
Despite the farmers' grave situation, big landowners continue to threaten CARP beneficiaries and explicitly mock the agrarian reform law. The Philippine agrarian reform program evolved in terms of laws enacted by the government to respond to the land conflict.
Enacted to pacify the growing discontent of the peasantry precipitating into active agrarian unrest particularly in Central Luzon Regulates the tenancy relations in sugarlands In , President authored Republic Act No. The said Act established the leasehold system or pursued the abolition of shared-tenancy as a step towards transforming the tenants into amortizing owner-cultivators.
It also established the economic family-size farm as the foundation of agriculture. In , R. Among the salient provisions of this law is the involvement of the local governments in the implementation of the agrarian reform program. Subsequent governments widened the scope and extent of services offered under the agrarian reform. In , P. It applies to tenant-farmers of private agricultural lands devoted to rice and corn under the share-crop or lease tenancy.
This was implemented under the Martial Law regime. In , under President , Congress passed R. It covers all agricultural lands and provides support services to agrarian reform beneficiaries.
It also mandates the completion of the land distribution component of the program by The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law is the law in effect up to the present time and has been implemented under three administrations:. Aquino : — Ramos : — Providing the small farmers and farmworkers access to land and the corresponding support systems shall encourage them towards improved productivity and higher incomes.
Thus, agrarian reform should directly contribute to poverty reduction and to sustaining peace in the countryside. Equity-led growth that is translated and felt at the family and community level would renew the trust and confidence of the rural populace in the government and subsequently undermine the issue of armed conflict.
At the same time, he noted that CARP is not just about land acquisition and redistribution but with provision of support services. The DAR is trying out a number of innovations in agrarian reform implementation:. He cited the most important reasons for the failures of land reform :. Among the options or alternative solutions to agrarian reform , enumerated the following: a land tenure reform [ reform of land tenure institutions, instruments], b negotiated land reform [based on the willing buyer-willing seller principle], c market-led land reform [which assumes that markets are the best regulators of supply and demand], and d redistributive land reform.
He started by analyzing the overall agrarian structure in Asia:. He summed the land reform approaches in Asia as follows:. Among the future agenda for agrarian reform in Asia are as follows:. The specific questions assessed in this study are the following:.
How effective is the implementation of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program in Marinduque between and ? What are the problems and difficulties encountered in the implementation of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program in Marinduque by the following:. To what extent has the implementation of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program in Marinduque been between and ? How do the following respondents perceive the implementation of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program in the province of Marinduque:.
Is there a difference in the perception of the following respondents in the implementation of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program in the province of Marinduque:. There is no significant difference in the perception of the following respondents in the implementation of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program in the province of Marinduque: Landowner, Tenant and DAR Personnel.
The researcher would like to achieve the following objectives in this study:. Know the extent of the implementation of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program in the province of Marinduque between — ;.
Identify the problems and difficulties encountered in the implementation of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program; and. Assess the effectiveness of the implementation of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program in the province of Marinduque. This study presents a brief background of the history of the implementation of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program starting with the Aquino administration up to the Arroyo administration last year.
In lieu of all of this, it is imperative and important to evaluate the implementation of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program by the people directly involved in the process: the landowners, the tenants and the DAR Personnel. Based on this evaluation, the researcher hopes that the study becomes an eye-opener for the officials of the Department of Agrarian Reform DAR in Marinduque. This would give them an opportunity to a identify the problems in the implementation of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program in Marinduque, b identify and implement solutions to the problems and difficulties identified by the respondents, c gauge the success of the implementation of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform program as perceived by the landowners, the tenants and the DAR personnel.
Armed with this knowledge, it is hoped that all the parties involved in the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program: the landowners, the tenants, and the DAR personnel, establish communication links with each other to ensure that there is appropriate feedback whenever problems and difficulties arise.
Most importantly, the researcher hopes that the results of the study would spur the DAR in Marinduque to make immediate and necessary actions that would benefit their constituents. Furthermore, this study could be the basis for further studies on agrarian reform and its implementation in the Philippines. There are many other aspects of about the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program which could be studied, and this study could give researchers an overview of the condition of the region in the last five years This is a study of the implementation of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program in the province of Marinduque between — The selected respondents were purposively picked from among the landowners, the tenants and the DAR personnel in Marinduque.
Each respondent had to have a minimum age of 18 years old and above, and was chosen regardless of gender, educational background and social status.
The study considers the performance of the Department of Agrarian Reform in its implementation of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program for the last five 5 years — Agrarian Reform means the redistribution of lands, regardless of crops or fruits produced, to farmers and regular farm workers who are landless, irrespective of tenurial arrangement, to include the totality of factors and support services designed to lift the economic status of the beneficiaries and all other arrangements alternative to the physical redistribution of lands, such as production or profit-sharing, labor administration, and the distribution of shares of stock which will allow beneficiaries to receive a just share of the fruits of the lands they work.
Agriculture, Agricultural Enterprise or Agricultural Activity means the cultivation of the soil, planting of crops, growing of fruit trees, including the harvesting of such farm products, and other farm activities and practices performed by a farmer in conjunction with such farming operations done by persons whether natural of juridical.
Agricultural Land refers to land devoted to agricultural activity as defined in this Act and not classified as mineral, forest, residential, commercial or industrial land.
Agrarian Dispute refers to any controversy relating to tenurial arrangements, whether leasehold, tenancy, stewardship or otherwise, over lands devoted to agriculture, including disputes concerning farm workers' associations or representation of persons in negotiating, fixing, maintaining, changing or seeking to arrange terms or conditions of such tenurial arrangements.
It includes any controversy relating to compensation of lands acquired under this Act and other terms and conditions of transfer of ownership from landowners to farm workers, tenants and other agrarian reform beneficiaries, whether the disputants stand in the proximate relation of farm operator and beneficiary, landowner and tenant, or lessor and lessee.
Cooperatives refer to organizations composed primarily of small agricultural producers, farmers, farm workers, or other agrarian reform beneficiaries who voluntarily organize themselves for the purpose of pooling land, human, technological, financial or other economic resources, and operated on the principle of one member, one vote.
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Flag for inappropriate content. Download now. Related titles. Carousel Previous Carousel Next. Indonesia's President SBYs second term begins, with some disasters. Jump to Page. Search inside document. CARP 0 Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program of ,also known as CARP, is a Philippine state policy that ensures and promotes welfare of landless farmers and farm workers, as well as elevation of social justice and equity among rural areas.
What is DAR? Julie Salazar Cartagenas. Jay Acer Bo.
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